Seven planets? Yes, and the Sun and the Moon count as two. Berthold lived from around 1210 to 1272, and it would be almost 500 years before a planet beyond Saturn was discovered, and Copernicus wouldn't come along for another 200 years to popularize the idea of planets revolving around the Sun instead of the Earth.
Berthold was trying to get Astrology to fit into a Christian model by arguing that God created the planets and gave them power over everything on the Earth except over the free will of humans. He points out that in Latin languages, the days of the week are named for the seven planets, even though that isn't so in Germanic languages, and also that there are seven days and seven virtues and so each day should remind you of one of the seven virtues. He doesn't enumerate the virtues in the sermon, but they are faith, hope, charity/love, prudence, justice, temperance, and courage.
Being a native English speaker, and not as familiar with Latin languages, I don't think I ever realized that all of the days of the week in, say, Spanish, are named for the planets (except Domingo).
| English | Spanish | Planet |
|---|---|---|
| Sunday | Domingo | Sun (Spanish: The Lord's Day) |
| Monday | Lunes | Moon |
| Tuesday | Martes | Mars |
| Wednesday | Miércoles | Mercury |
| Thursday | Jueves | Jupiter |
| Friday | Viernes | Venus |
| Saturday | Sábado | Saturn |
Since English comes from the Germanic family of languages, it uses Germanic names for the days of the week, which are a mixture of planets and Norse gods.
| English | Old English (Anglo-Saxon) | German | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sunday | Sunnandæg | Sonntag | Sun |
| Monday | Monandæg | Montag | Moon |
| Tuesday | Tiwesdæg | Dienstag | Tiu (Sky God) |
| Wednesday | Wodnesdæg | Mittwoch | Odin (German: Middle of the week) |
| Thursday | Þunresdæg | Donnerstag | Thor |
| Friday | Frigedæg | Freitag | Freya/Frigg |
| Saturday | Sæternesdæg | Samstag | Saturn |
Quakers in mid-to-late 17th-century England objected to the days and months being named for pagan gods and opted to go with numbers - 1st month, fifth day, etc. Had they looked for a biblical basis for this, they would have seen that the Hebrew days of the week are essentially also 1st, 2nd, 3rd, with Shabbot meaning rest, but also similar to the Hebrew word for seven.
Although it is also Germanic, Icelandic has an interesting mixture of day names. Sunnudagur and Mánudagur refer to the Sun and Moon, then Þriðjudagur, Miðvikudagur, and Fimmtudagur mean 3rd day, mid-week, and 5th day. Föstudagur means "fast day" and Laugardagur means "washing day" or "bath day". This is a departure from the other Scandinavian languages which follow the same pattern as German and English. You might suspect that, like the Quakers, the Icelanders were trying to remove the pagan gods from the days of the week, and you would be right. Jón Ögmundsson was an Icelandic bishop determined to remove the remnants of paganism from Iceland, which included changing the days of the week that carried the names of pagan gods.
Going back to Berthold Von Regensburg's admonition to think about the seven virtues for each day of the week, in Iceland once can contemplate an additional virtue on Saturday - cleanliness is next to godliness.
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